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Is the rapid growth of China’s emerging industries driven by industrial subsidies?: People’s Daily_我的网站

杀破狼

A |     

Workers assemble solar photovoltaic modules at a smart manufacturing workshop of Ronma Solar Energy Group in Jindong district of Jinhua city, East China's Zhejiang Province, on July 28, 2026. Photo: VCG
    Workers assemble solar photovoltaic modules at a smart manufacturing workshop of Ronma Solar Energy Group in Jindong district of Jinhua city, East China's Zhejiang Province, on July 28, 2026. Photo: VCG
China saw robust exports in electric vehicles (EV), lithium batteries and photovoltaic products, known as the "new three," in the first half of this year. More notably, robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and innovative drugs, which represent the future direction of industrial development, are also emerging as new calling cards for China's foreign trade.
However, the impressive performance provoked unease among some Western media outlets and politicians. Some have deliberately portrayed China's rapid industrial development and strong competitiveness as a result of government subsidies, pushing the false claim that subsidies have created overcapacity and those low-priced Chinese products are flooding global markets. Such fallacies, which simply equate industrial subsidies with overcapacity, are not only logically flawed but also factually groundless.
In practice, many countries adopt industrial policies tailored to their national conditions and development needs, such as providing research and development (R&D) subsidies for emerging industries and risk related subsidies for agriculture.
Well-designed industrial subsidies can help address market failures, promote technological innovation and environmental protection, reduce poverty and support balanced development, rather than cause so called "overcapacity."
Multiple reports by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development have noted that the number of industrial policies worldwide has grown rapidly over the past five years, with R&D subsidies, tax incentives and low interest loans for emerging industries becoming common international practices.
Forcibly linking industrial subsidies to "overcapacity" is, in essence, a political manipulation based on double standards. The US, for example, plans to provide $750 billion in various subsidies from 2022 to 2031 under its Inflation Reduction Act. Subsidized EVs are subject to requirements such as production and sales in the US or North America, effectively excluding other WTO members. US industrial subsidies for AI are even greater than those of all other countries combined.
Similarly, according to incomplete statistics, the European Commission is expected to provide more than 1.44 trillion euros ($210 billion) in various subsidies between 2021 and 2030. The EU's Industrial Accelerator Act links local content directly to financial support through "Made in EU" requirements, creating serious investment barriers and institutional discrimination.
Have these massive subsidies been labeled as causing "overcapacity"? The answer is no. While claiming that China's industrial subsidies lead to so-called overcapacity, these countries are themselves providing massive subsidies to their own industries. Such double standards amount to selective accusations targeting China, aimed at politicizing trade and economic issues and weaponizing industrial policy.
At a deeper level, accusations that "China's industrial subsidies cause overcapacity" are merely a pretext, reflecting growing anxiety and fear over the rising competitiveness of Chinese industries.
Looking back at the repeated hype in Western media, the criticism has consistently targeted China's most globally competitive industries, including new-energy vehicles, photovoltaics and power batteries. This exposes the real intention of shifting the blame for their own lagging industrial development onto China while stepping up restrictions against Chinese industries.
China's breakthroughs in these industries have been driven by advances in homegrown technologies, complete industrial and supply chains, and robust market competition, rather than by policy subsidies as some have claimed.
In recent years, China has taken multiple steps to regulate and improve its subsidy policies, from reviewing and correcting inappropriate local subsidies to exploring a unified negative list mechanism for local fiscal subsidies. China applies subsidies equally to all market entities, including foreign invested enterprises, strictly follows WTO rules, and continues to improve the compliance, effectiveness and transparency of its subsidy policies.
Rather than fabricating and hyping baseless claims about subsidies and obsessing over building trade barriers, certain Western media outlets and politicians should focus on addressing their own weaknesses and increasing investment in research and development. They should embrace healthy market competition with an inclusive mindset, promote mutual benefit through greater openness, and win markets and drive progress through genuine innovation.
This was compiled and translated by the Global Times English edition based on an article published in the "Chisu Jinsheng" economic commentary column of the People's Daily on August 10, 2026.
。      8月22日至25日,《人民日报》连续刊发四篇署名“钟才文”的评论文章,迅速成为资本市场与政策研究领域热议的焦点。  “钟才文”的每一次集中亮相,都被视作解读宏观政策走向的核心风向标,这一次同样牵动着市场的目光。  对于发布时点的关注:意在统一思想、凝聚共识  为何这组四连评会引发全市场的高度关注?发布时点的特殊性,是市场首先聚焦的核心原因。  此前,“钟才文”曾于2025年9月30日起连续8天推出系列文章,在党的二十届四中全会前夕集中释放经济政策核心信号,引发海内外舆论广泛关注。到了2026年年初,人民日报还曾推出“钟才平”系列六篇头版评论,同样聚焦“十五五”开局阶段经济“怎么看、怎么干”的核心命题,为全年经济工作完成了开年定调。  时隔半年再度集中发声,恰恰落在7月中央政治局会议部署下半年经济工作、党的二十届五中全会临近的关键窗口期。综合受访观点来看,这组四连评既是对政治局会议精神的权威阐释,也为全年经济工作进一步统一思想、凝聚共识,夯实稳中求进、以进促稳的工作主线,其政策信号意义不言而喻。  这次四篇评论分别题为《中国经济的韧性与活力》《中国是世界经济增长的积极贡献者和强大稳定锚》《上半年经济增长4.7%说明了什么?》《如何推动高质量发展行稳致远》,先从内部基本面定性“中国经济韧性强、活力足”;再从外部视角定位“中国是全球经济的稳定器与动力源”;接着用核心数据拆解“4.7%增速的成色与意义”,支撑前两篇的判断;最后落脚到“怎么干”,给出高质量发展的具体路径。  对于这组评论的价值,受访经济学家给出了高度认同。

B | 粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒认为,四连评厘清了如何看待经济增速、中国经济结构的转型升级、中国发展对世界贡献以及下阶段发力的抓手,对于当前准确全面认知中国经济做了很好的解读与分析,既充分看到了中国经济在科技创新和结构转型上取得的成果,也理性地分析了面临的困难和挑战。  中邮证券首席经济学家黄付生也认为,“钟才文”充分肯定中国经济的高质量发展、科技创新和转型的成效,同时也传达出不会为了追求增长速度而进行强刺激。  浙商证券宏观首席分析师林成炜告诉财联社,“钟才文”四连发是在完成一次权威的预期校准:接受经济增速阶段性增长中枢,同时要求财政、货币和项目端加快落地,发挥存量政策效能,辅以定向增量政策稳住内需。  对于内容的关注:如何看待当前经济?  具体来看,四连评既肯定中国经济韧性、活力的同时,也对经济运行中遇到的一些困难挑战做出回应。在四篇文章中,对上半年4.7%GDP增速的解读,是市场最关心的核心议题之一。这一增速数字背后,究竟藏着怎样的发展成色?《上半年经济增长4.7%说明了什么?》将其概括为四重内涵,给出了答案。

C |   首先,符合预期,处于全年4.5%—5%的目标区间,与我国当前潜在经济增长率水平相匹配;其次,成色充足,新动能对增长的拉动作用持续提升,上半年规模以上工业企业利润同比增长18.7%,装备制造业、高技术制造业增加值分别增长9.3%和13.3%;第三是韧性强劲,是在外部地缘冲突、经贸摩擦与内部结构性矛盾叠加的复杂环境下取得的成绩;最后,富有后劲,随着“十五五”重大项目陆续落地,政策效能将进一步释放。  中邮证券首席经济学家黄付生认为,出口与科技是上半年经济增长的核心拉动力,当前中国制造在全球市场的支配地位持续强化,现代化产业体系正加快构建。

D | 他同时指出,尽管工业产值、工业利润已出现明显改善,但价格端的回暖尚未转化为全行业的广泛盈利修复,需求不足与同质化竞争仍在压低企业盈利水平,经济运行的分化特征逐步凸显。  黄付生认同我国经济当前的增速5%左右,符合当前的潜在经济增长率。因此无需推出过度刺激政策,观察经济不能仅关注增速快慢,应更聚焦科技创新成色与风险化解成效。  对于文章细节的关注:看中国经济的支撑点  除了宏观数据,文章中提到的两个产业细节,更具象地展现了中国经济的底气所在。  财联社注意到,《中国经济的韧性与活力》一文提到两大典型细节:长三角整车厂可在4小时内集齐新能源汽车上万个零部件,珠三角可形成人形机器人“1小时产业生态圈”。两大“小时级”供应链响应能力,折射出我国数十年制造业积累形成的产业密度与协作效率,这也是全球产供链动荡背景下中国保持枢纽地位的核心底气。  文章同时指出,当前中国经济的活力来源于四方面积极变化:科技创新加速向产业竞争力转化,集成电路、创新药、工业机器人等领域成果持续落地;全球产供链枢纽地位不断巩固;企业数智化转型提速实现焕新升级;经济领域风险隐患有序化解收敛,共同构成经济稳中向好的坚实基础。

E |   面对经济运行中的分化与阵痛,又该如何理性看待当下的转型阶段?粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒给出了更为系统的分析框架。  他认为,当前中国经济最核心的特点是转型与分化,新旧动能转型必然导致结构分化以及过程中的阵痛,但这是阶段性的。经济转型一般需要经历三个阶段,从旧动能为主的第一阶段到新旧动能并行的第二阶段,再到新动能为主的第三阶段,到了第三阶段经济增速就能稳定下来、经济结构也明显优化、微观获得感也提升,这需要通过改革与政策推进到第三阶段。

F | 对当前形势有必要理性分析,既看到动能转换也要看到经济的韧性与新兴行业的活力,既要看到结构优化也要看到经济面临的供强需弱以及部分微观主体获得感不强的问题,既要看到这是转型第二阶段的特点,也要看到第三阶段的光明前景。

G |   他进一步提到,要理性认识“供强需弱”,要区分“供强需弱”的四个层次及采取不同的应对举措。

H |   第一个层次是,百年变局下关键产业链的供强是优势,要继续保持;第二个层次是部分行业产能过剩的供强,包括房地产及相关产业链条,这需要通过“反内卷”以及构建统一大市场解决;第三个层次是,供强主要体现在商品和制造领域,在部分服务业如文旅家政医疗养老等领域反而面临供给偏弱的问题,要通过更高质量的服务来释放消费者需求;第四个层次是,供强需弱要高度关注“需弱”,通过优化收入分配、完善社会保障制度等方式推动制度体系从“供给促进型”转向“需求促进型”。  对于后续政策期待的关注:加大逆周期调节力度  厘清了“怎么看”的问题,接下来政策“怎么干”,无疑是市场最为关心的议题。四连评中明确释放的“加大逆周期调节力度”信号,已经给出了清晰的发力方向。  浙商证券宏观首席分析师林成炜认为,下半年完成经济增长目标基本无忧的情况下,政策组合更可能是存量政策先提速、增量政策作后手,财政抓落地、货币保宽松、内需抓增收和服务消费、产业抓AI但防过热、改革抓反内卷、地产和金融风险继续托底化解。

I |   黄付生认为,上半年财政支出进度偏慢,下一阶段核心是加快财政支出节奏、推动存量政策落地见效。其中“六张网”建设将成为财政发力的新抓手,既可以通过基建投资发挥稳投资、托底经济的作用,也能够以投资撬动产业链升级,兼顾短期稳增长与长期国家安全、产业升级的双重目标;8000亿元政策性金融工具也将协同发力,共同支撑有效投资扩大与经济平稳运行。  财联社注意到,四连评中对逆周期调节的部署覆盖财政、货币、协同机制多个维度:财政端要加快支出与债券资金使用进度、尽快形成实物工作量,兜牢基层“三保”底线;货币端保持流动性充裕,推动社会融资成本低位运行,结构性工具定向支持扩内需、科创与中小微企业;同时强化财政金融协同,涉及企业生产经营的重大政策调整将设置合理过渡期,稳定市场预期。  此外,在产业与市场层面,文章重点提及深入实施“人工智能+”行动、打造智能经济新形态,同时强调算力建设需避免“一哄而上”;针对市场反映强烈的低价无序竞争、企业账款拖欠等问题,明确提出综合整治“内卷式”竞争、常态化解决账款拖欠问题,完善平台企业治理机制,推动行业回归价值竞争。  在粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒看来,充分认识下阶段政策,下阶段政策作为的空间和工具箱都较充足。  第一,中国财政空间的优势主要在于当前低利率、低通胀、国资优势以及财政金融协同,中央财政空间仍然较大;央地事权和支出责任改革、税制改革还能进一步释放财税红利。短期看加快专项债和超长期特别国债发行,加快形成实物工作量,推动四季度支出增速回升是大概率。  第二,中国的货币政策尤其是结构性货币政策空间依然充足。  第三,产业政策全力推动构建全国统一大市场,破除内卷式竞争,加快发展人工智能、机器人等高技术产业,加快新旧动能转换,产业稳定有利于稳定经济。(文章来源:财联社)。

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